There is no definite answer, 硝化菌 ONLY consume Ammonia, Nitrite, and Oxygen, AND PLANTS is in competition for these elements as their PREFERED source of nitrogen. So it depends on how much water you have got, oxygen level (how deep can the water travel through the filter with "oxygen"), how much plants you have got, the nitrogen load... etc.
Question 2 is very logically negative, isn't it?
Everytime you add some bio-load to a tank, no matter the size, your tank is going through a small peak of ammonia and nitrite unless you have so much plants that they would cosume the extra nitrogen as soon as they release. The more bio-load you add to the tank, the higher the ammonia and nitrite will go, that's why you should add bio-load in small amount.
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